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People have smuggled hundreds of bear dead body parts — includingpolar bearparts — into Australia and New Zealand , a unexampled study reveals .
Enforcement agencies seized bear teeth , rugs , gall and embryos freeze in honey from passengers arriving in Australia and New Zealand from 2007 to 2018 .
The head of a stuffed polar bear not involved in the seizures.
Most of thebearparts and derivatives , such as gall bladder gall , were ingredient in traditional medicines . The good were most often seize from people traveling into Australia and New Zealand fromChina , but they also come from other nation such as the U.S. and Canada .
" We roll in the hay we would chance some records , but we never require them to be in the hundreds or the diversity of products and number of countries from which they were being source / channel , " lead source Phill Cassey , head of environmental science and evolutionary biology at the University of Adelaide in Australia , told Live Science in an electronic mail .
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swop in wildlife threatens many metal money around the world , according toWorld Wildlife Fund(WWF ) . bear are traded for their gallbladder gall , which is used in traditional Asiatic medicine , as well as their kernel and physical structure function , such as those used as hunt trophies , accord to the subject field .
To gain a greater understanding of the bear trade , the researchers looked at state that do n’t have their own wild bears . " We were scheme to jazz how much of a role countries without native bear were playing in this trade , " Cassey said .
The enquiry squad found phonograph recording of 781 seizures ; 369 in Australia and 412 in New Zealand . They take five of the eight bear metal money and all seizure were declare for " personal use . " The number of seizures decline in Australia during the study menstruation , from a peak of 74 in 2011 to 12 in 2018 . There was no such decline in New Zealand . Though 2009 was a visor for ictus with 52 and 2018 was a low dot with 13 seizures , the overall trend was more varying than Australia , with more than 40 seizures in 2017 for example .
The items get hold of came from 33 countries spread around the earth , with China being the report origin of 37.7 % of seizures in Australia and of 71.2 % of seizures made in New Zealand , according to the study . The most vernacular items assume were traditional medicament made out of bear gall , the researcher describe in the study published Nov. 4 in the journalPacific Conservation Biology .
Humans hold bear gall by killing bears or by keep on them alive in cages in bear farms , where handlers on a regular basis extract the bile , such as through a catheter insert in their gall bladder , according toAnimals Asia , a nonprofit working to end bear bile farming .
Bear gall hold ursodeoxycholic acid , which can be used to reduce the absorption of cholesterin and dissolve gallbladder stones in the great unwashed , according to theChemical Entities of Biological Interest(ChEBI ) database . However , herbal and semisynthetic alternatives subsist with the same prop and bear bile is used to treat many conditions that it does not benefit , such as hangovers , according to Animals Asia .
The U.S. and Canada were the biggest source of bear body character , such as teeth , claws and prize heads . " North America is popular with prize hunters , " Cassey said . " Some legal hunting is still countenance in North America and Europe , and clearly Australians and New Zealanders are partaking in these activities . "
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Travelers had de jure secure some of these seized items , which were return to them . That was the case far more often for trophies than it was for medicines , teeth and chela , the majority of which were illegal . The study highlights the demand for bear parts and their differential in countries without raging bear .
" The illegal wildlife swap is a global problem , which needs global solutions , " Cassey tell . " Just because Australia and New Zealand do n’t have any native bears does n’t mean they are n’t part of the job .
Originally release on Live Science .
